OOP Concepts in Java

Master Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java with real-world analogies and practical code. Learn about encapsulation, inheritance, abstraction, and polymorphism in a beginner-friendly way.

Whether you’re building a small utility or a large-scale web app, understanding Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is essential for writing clean, modular, and reusable Java code.

Java is 100% object-oriented (except for primitives), and mastering OOP concepts will help you:

• Think in terms of real-world objects.
• Reduce duplication (DRY principle).
• Create a scalable software architecture.

In this guide, you’ll learn the four core OOP principles with real-world examples and Java code snippets.

📦 1. Encapsulation — Wrapping Data for Protection

Encapsulation is the binding of data (fields) and the code (methods) that manipulates it into a single unit (class), while restricting direct access to that data.

🔐 Why is Encapsulation Important?